San Marino Flag: Meaning, Colors, History & Facts
San Marino’s national flag has two horizontal bands—white above light blue—with the republic’s coat of arms in the centre. Its symbols emphasize sovereignty, Mount Titano and liberty.
What does the San Marino flag look like?
The flag has a white upper band and light-blue lower band, with the official coat of arms centred across both.
What do the three towers represent?
The three silver towers stand on the three peaks of Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta and Montale.
What does LIBERTAS mean?
The word means “liberty.” It reflects San Marino’s long republican tradition and its identity as an independent state.
What does the crown mean?
The 2011 constitutional law explicitly identifies the closed crown above the shield as a symbol of sovereignty.
Explore the coat of arms and LIBERTAS →
What are the other coat-of-arms elements?
A laurel branch and oak branch surround the shield, while each tower is topped by a silver ostrich feather.
How did the flag develop?
Government records describe a 1465 orange-white-violet banner with the coat of arms. A white-and-blue cockade adopted in 1797 began the move toward the modern colors, which were established in the nineteenth century.
What happened in 2011?
Constitutional Law No. 1 of July 22, 2011 precisely defined the official flag and coat of arms.
Read the San Marino flag history →
How can you identify it?
Look for a white-and-light-blue horizontal bicolor with a highly detailed central coat of arms featuring three towers and the LIBERTAS ribbon.
San Marino flag facts
| Colors | White and light blue |
|---|---|
| Main emblem | Official coat of arms |
| Towers | Guaita, Cesta, Montale |
| Motto | LIBERTAS |
| Modern constitutional law | 2011 |
